Purpura is a medical term that refers to purple or red discoloration of the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin. It occurs when small blood vessels (capillaries) leak blood into the surrounding skin tissue. Purpura can manifest in various sizes, from pinpoint spots (petechiae) to larger patches (ecchymoses).
There are several types of purpura, including:
- Petechiae: These are tiny, pinpoint-sized purple or red spots that often appear in clusters. They can be a sign of bleeding disorders or certain infections.
- Ecchymoses: These are larger, bruise-like patches of purpura that are typically caused by trauma or injury. They can also indicate underlying bleeding disorders or vascular problems.
- Senile purpura: This type of purpura is common in older adults and is characterized by easily bruised skin due to the thinning of blood vessel walls.
- Thrombocytopenic purpura: This condition occurs when there is a low platelet count, which can lead to excessive bleeding and purpura.
- Allergic purpura (Henoch-Schönlein purpura): This is a type of purpura associated with inflammation of the blood vessels, often triggered by an allergic reaction or infection.
Purpura can be a symptom of various underlying health conditions, including immune disorders, blood clotting disorders, infections, and certain medications. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional if you notice unexplained or persistent purpura, as it may require further evaluation and treatment.