May-Thurner syndrome, also known as iliac vein compression syndrome, is a condition characterized by compression of the left iliac vein by the overlying right iliac artery. This compression can lead to reduced blood flow in the left leg, causing symptoms such as pain, swelling, and potentially blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or DVT). The compression occurs due to the anatomical positioning of these blood vessels, with the right iliac artery crossing over the left iliac vein. Over time, this compression can damage the vein wall and increase the risk of blood clot formation.
May-Thurner syndrome is more common in women and typically presents in young to middle-aged adults. Risk factors include prolonged sitting or standing, pregnancy, and hormonal changes. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment may include blood thinners to prevent clot formation, endovascular procedures to relieve the compression, or surgical intervention to bypass the compressed vein segment.