Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is a vital part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow, among other components.
Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infection, undergo abnormal changes and begin to multiply uncontrollably. This leads to the formation of tumors in the lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues.
There are two main types of lymphoma:
- Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): This type is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal cell called Reed-Sternberg cells. HL usually starts in the lymph nodes in one part of the body and can spread to nearby lymph nodes as well as other organs.
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): This is a diverse group of lymphomas that do not have Reed-Sternberg cells. NHL can develop from different types of lymphocytes and can occur in various parts of the body, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and other organs.
Lymphoma can cause symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue. Treatment options for lymphoma may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of the lymphoma, as well as the individual patient’s health status and preferences. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve outcomes for individuals with lymphoma.