Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the bone marrow. Eosinophils are normally involved in the body’s immune response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions. In HES, however, the excessive accumulation of eosinophils can lead to inflammation and damage in various organs and tissues throughout the body.
The exact cause of hypereosinophilic syndrome is often unknown, but it may involve abnormalities in the bone marrow or immune system. Some cases of HES are associated with genetic mutations, while others may be triggered by infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain types of cancers.
Symptoms of hypereosinophilic syndrome can vary widely depending on which organs are affected, but they may include:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Skin rashes or lesions
- Respiratory symptoms such as coughing or difficulty breathing
- Gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain or diarrhea
- Heart problems such as heart failure or abnormal heart rhythms
- Neurological symptoms such as headaches or weakness
Diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome typically involves blood tests to measure eosinophil levels, as well as imaging tests and biopsies to evaluate organ involvement. Treatment may involve medications to reduce eosinophil levels, such as corticosteroids or targeted therapies, as well as management of symptoms and complications.
Because hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare condition, it often requires specialized care from a team of healthcare providers, including hematologists, immunologists, and other specialists, to effectively manage the disease and its complications.