Hepatitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the liver. There are several types of hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, each caused by different viruses.
- Hepatitis A: This type of hepatitis is usually transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. It can also spread through close contact with an infected person. Hepatitis A typically doesn’t result in chronic illness and resolves on its own within a few weeks to months.
- Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids, containing the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can be acute or chronic. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious liver conditions such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) or liver cancer.
- Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through contact with blood containing the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It can be acute or chronic, and chronic hepatitis C can lead to liver damage over time and increase the risk of liver cancer.
- Hepatitis D: This type of hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), but it only occurs in people who are already infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis D is transmitted through contact with infected blood. It can lead to a more severe form of hepatitis and is more difficult to treat.
- Hepatitis E: Hepatitis E is usually a result of consuming contaminated water, and it’s most commonly found in developing countries. It typically resolves on its own within a few weeks to months, but it can be dangerous for pregnant women, leading to complications.
Symptoms of hepatitis may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and pale stools. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of hepatitis but may include antiviral medications, supportive care, and in some cases, liver transplantation. Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B to prevent infection.