Blood cancer, also known as hematologic cancer or hematological malignancy, refers to cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system. These cancers occur when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, interfering with the production and function of normal blood cells.
There are three main types of blood cancer:
- Leukemia: Leukemia affects the bone marrow and causes the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to problems with blood clotting and immunity.
- Lymphoma: Lymphoma affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. It involves the abnormal growth of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, leading to the formation of tumors in the lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues.
- Myeloma: Myeloma affects plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. In myeloma, abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and form tumors, interfering with the production of normal blood cells and weakening the bones.
Symptoms of blood cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease but may include fatigue, weakness, unexplained weight loss, fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, and easy bruising or bleeding.
Treatment for blood cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, its stage, and the patient’s overall health. Common treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.
Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals with blood cancer. Regular medical check-ups and screenings can help detect the disease in its early stages when it’s most treatable.