Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It typically involves multiple organ systems in the body, including the skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system.
Common triggers for anaphylaxis include certain foods (such as nuts, shellfish, and eggs), insect stings or bites, medications (like antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and latex.
Symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary but may include:
- Skin reactions, such as hives, itching, and flushing.
- Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
- Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations.
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Dizziness or fainting.
Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention, as it can quickly progress and lead to a life-threatening condition called anaphylactic shock, which is characterized by a severe drop in blood pressure and potentially fatal organ failure. Treatment for anaphylaxis typically involves the administration of epinephrine (adrenaline) via injection, along with other supportive measures such as oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids.