Low sperm count, or oligospermia, can be caused by various factors. Here are nine common causes:
- Varicocele: This is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It is the most common reversible cause of male infertility.
- Infection: Infections such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or urinary tract infections (UTIs) can affect sperm production and quality.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Disorders of the endocrine system, such as low testosterone levels or thyroid problems, can impact sperm production.
- Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome deletions, or chromosomal abnormalities can result in low sperm count.
- Testicular Injury: Trauma to the testicles, such as from surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, can impair sperm production.
- Undescended Testicles: When one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth, it can lead to decreased fertility.
- Lifestyle Factors: Habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity, and exposure to environmental toxins can all contribute to low sperm count.
- Stress: Chronic stress can interfere with hormone levels and sperm production.
- Age: Advanced age can reduce sperm count and sperm quality.
It’s important to note that sometimes the cause of low sperm count may not be identified, and in other cases, multiple factors may contribute simultaneously. If a couple is struggling with infertility, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan.