Sure, here are ten medications that can potentially be harmful to the kidneys when used inappropriately or over long periods:
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Common examples include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve). Prolonged use or high doses can lead to kidney damage.
- ACE Inhibitors and ARBs: These are medications used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Examples include lisinopril, enalapril, and losartan. While generally beneficial for the kidneys, they can cause kidney damage in some cases, particularly in those with pre-existing kidney disease or dehydration.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Used to reduce stomach acid production, examples include omeprazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid). Prolonged use can increase the risk of kidney damage.
- Antiviral Medications: Some antiviral drugs, particularly when used in high doses or in combination with other medications, can cause kidney damage. Examples include acyclovir and tenofovir.
- Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics, especially when used for prolonged periods or in high doses, can be nephrotoxic (toxic to the kidneys). Examples include gentamicin, vancomycin, and sulfonamides.
- Contrast Dye: Used in various medical imaging procedures such as CT scans and angiograms, contrast dye can cause acute kidney injury, particularly in individuals with pre-existing kidney problems.
- Immunosuppressants: Drugs used to suppress the immune system, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, are commonly used in transplant recipients and individuals with autoimmune diseases. They can have adverse effects on the kidneys.
- Diuretics: While diuretics are often used to treat conditions like high blood pressure and edema, they can also cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which may harm the kidneys.
- Lithium: Used to treat bipolar disorder, lithium can cause kidney damage, particularly if used long-term or at high doses.
- Chemotherapy Drugs: Some chemotherapy medications can cause kidney damage as a side effect of their toxicity. Examples include cisplatin and methotrexate.
It’s important to note that while these medications can potentially harm the kidneys, they are also often necessary for treating various medical conditions. It’s crucial to use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional and to monitor kidney function regularly, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney disease or risk factors.