Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). The signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary widely between individuals and may include:
- Manic Episode Symptoms:
- Feeling unusually “high” or euphoric
- Increased energy, activity, and restlessness
- Racing thoughts or rapid speech
- Poor judgment or reckless behavior (e.g., spending sprees, risky sexual behavior)
- Decreased need for sleep
- Difficulty concentrating
- Agitation or irritability
- Hypomanic Episode Symptoms:
- Similar to manic episode symptoms but less severe
- May not cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning
- Often perceived as a period of increased productivity or creativity
- Depressive Episode Symptoms:
- Persistent sadness or hopelessness
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Sleep disturbances (insomnia or oversleeping)
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempts
- Mixed Episode Symptoms:
- Symptoms of both mania/hypomania and depression occurring simultaneously or rapidly alternating
- Agitation
- Insomnia
- Suicidal thoughts or behavior
- Other Symptoms:
- Anxiety
- Psychosis (hallucinations or delusions)
- Difficulty in maintaining relationships
- Problems at work or school
- Substance abuse
It’s important to note that experiencing some of these symptoms does not necessarily mean someone has bipolar disorder. Diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional based on a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and family history. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder, it’s essential to seek help from a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.