Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a genetic bleeding disorder that affects the blood’s ability to clot properly. It is caused by a deficiency or abnormal function of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein in the blood that helps platelets stick together and adhere to blood vessel walls, forming clots to stop bleeding.
There are several types of VWD, each with varying severity:
- Type 1: This is the most common and mildest form of VWD, characterized by lower-than-normal levels of von Willebrand factor.
- Type 2: In this type, the von Willebrand factor is present, but it doesn’t function correctly.
- Type 3: This is the most severe form of VWD, characterized by a complete absence of von Willebrand factor.
Symptoms of von Willebrand disease can include frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts or injuries, heavy menstrual periods in women, and, in severe cases, bleeding into joints or internal organs.
Treatment for VWD depends on the severity of the condition. It may include medications to increase levels of von Willebrand factor, medications to promote blood clotting, and in severe cases, blood transfusions or procedures to stop bleeding. Patients with VWD often need to take precautions to prevent bleeding episodes and may require medical monitoring throughout their lives.