Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin’s disease, is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is a part of the body’s immune system. It is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, large abnormal cells found in the lymph nodes.
The exact cause of Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in young adults between the ages of 15 and 35, as well as in older adults over the age of 55.
Symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma may include:
- Painless swelling of lymph nodes, usually in the neck, armpits, or groin.
- Persistent fatigue.
- Fever and chills.
- Night sweats.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Itching.
Hodgkin lymphoma is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as CT scans or PET scans), and biopsy of the affected lymph node. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the stage and characteristics of the cancer.
Prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma is generally good, especially if diagnosed and treated early. Many people with Hodgkin lymphoma can be cured of the disease, and even those with advanced stages can often achieve long-term remission with appropriate treatment.