Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles, which are the muscles responsible for movement and breathing. The signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis can vary widely among individuals, but some common ones include:
- Muscle weakness: This is the hallmark symptom of myasthenia gravis and usually worsens with activity and improves with rest. The weakness typically starts in the eye muscles, leading to drooping eyelids (ptosis) and double vision (diplopia). It can then progress to other muscles, such as those involved in chewing, swallowing, speaking, and breathing.
- Ptosis: Drooping of one or both eyelids, which can impair vision and lead to eye strain.
- Diplopia: Double vision, where a person sees two images of a single object, often due to weakness in the muscles that control eye movement.
- Muscle fatigue: Weakness that worsens with repetitive use of muscles and improves after rest.
- Difficulty speaking: Weakness in the muscles involved in speech production, leading to slurred speech or difficulty articulating words.
- Difficulty swallowing: Weakness in the muscles involved in swallowing, which can cause choking or aspiration (food or liquid entering the airway).
- Weakness in the limbs: Weakness in the arms and legs, which can affect mobility and daily activities.
- Respiratory difficulties: In severe cases, weakness in the muscles involved in breathing can lead to respiratory failure, which requires immediate medical attention.
- Facial muscle weakness: Weakness in the facial muscles can cause a mask-like appearance or difficulty making facial expressions.
- Neck muscle weakness: Weakness in the muscles of the neck can lead to difficulty holding up the head.
It’s important to note that the symptoms of myasthenia gravis can fluctuate over time and may worsen during periods of stress, illness, or fatigue. Additionally, some individuals may experience symptoms that are not listed here. Early detection and treatment are crucial in managing the symptoms and improving quality of life for individuals with myasthenia gravis. If you suspect you or someone you know may have myasthenia gravis, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.