Here are nine commonly used medicines for asthma and allergies:
- Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): These medications reduce inflammation in the airways, helping to prevent asthma attacks. Examples include beclometasone, budesonide, fluticasone, and mometasone.
- Short-acting Beta Agonists (SABA): These are quick-relief medications that work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe during an asthma attack. Examples include albuterol (salbutamol), levalbuterol, and pirbuterol.
- Long-acting Beta Agonists (LABA): These medications are used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids for long-term asthma control. They help to keep the airways open for 12 hours or more. Examples include formoterol and salmeterol.
- Leukotriene Modifiers: These medications block the action of leukotrienes, substances in the body that cause asthma symptoms. They can help prevent asthma symptoms and control allergic rhinitis symptoms. Examples include montelukast, zafirlukast, and zileuton.
- Anticholinergics: These medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes bronchoconstriction. They are often used as an add-on treatment for asthma. Examples include ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide.
- Mast Cell Stabilizers: These medications prevent the release of histamine and other substances that cause inflammation in the airways. They are used for both asthma and allergic rhinitis. Examples include cromolyn sodium and nedocromil.
- Immunomodulators: These medications help regulate the immune system to reduce allergic responses. They are often used for severe allergic asthma or allergic rhinitis. Examples include omalizumab (anti-IgE) and mepolizumab (anti-IL-5).
- Oral Corticosteroids: In severe cases of asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed for short periods to reduce inflammation in the airways. Examples include prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone.
- Antihistamines: These medications block the action of histamine, a substance released during allergic reactions. They are primarily used to relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Examples include cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine.
It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional before starting or changing any medication regimen for asthma or allergies. They can provide personalized advice based on individual medical history and symptoms.