Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs. It causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may occur episodically or persistently.
During an asthma flare-up (also known as an asthma attack), the muscles around the airways tighten (bronchoconstriction), and the lining of the airways becomes swollen and inflamed, making it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs.
Asthma triggers vary among individuals but can include allergens (such as pollen, dust mites, mold, and pet dander), respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, air pollutants, certain medications, and emotional stress.
Although asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment, which typically includes medications such as bronchodilators (to relax the muscles around the airways) and anti-inflammatory drugs (to reduce inflammation in the airways). In addition to medication, avoiding triggers and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential components of asthma management.