Arthritis is a broad term used to describe inflammation of one or more joints in the body. It encompasses a variety of conditions that affect the joints, tissues around the joint, and other connective tissues. There are more than 100 different types of arthritis, each with its own causes, symptoms, and treatments.
The most common types of arthritis include:
- Osteoarthritis: This is the most prevalent type of arthritis and occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. It commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine and is often associated with aging, injury, or obesity.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: This is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and eventual joint damage. It can affect multiple joints throughout the body and may also cause fatigue, fever, and weight loss.
- Psoriatic arthritis: This type of arthritis occurs in some people with the skin condition psoriasis. It causes joint inflammation, stiffness, and swelling, often in the fingers and toes, as well as patches of red, scaly skin.
- Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing inflammation of the vertebrae and leading to stiffness and pain in the back and hips. Over time, it can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, resulting in a loss of mobility.
- Gout: Gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness, usually in the big toe. It is often associated with a diet high in purines, alcohol consumption, and certain medications.
Arthritis symptoms can vary widely depending on the type of arthritis and the severity of the condition but often include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Treatment for arthritis aims to relieve symptoms, improve joint function, and slow the progression of the disease and may include medication, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.