Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects some people with psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches. There are five main types of psoriatic arthritis:
- Symmetric PsA: This type affects joints on both sides of the body at the same time. It’s similar to rheumatoid arthritis in its symmetrical pattern of joint involvement.
- Asymmetric PsA: Asymmetric PsA affects different joints on each side of the body and doesn’t follow a symmetrical pattern. It often involves fewer joints than symmetric PsA.
- Distal Interphalangeal Predominant (DIP) PsA: This type primarily affects the joints closest to the nails (distal interphalangeal joints), especially in the fingers and toes. It can cause nail changes such as pitting, ridges, or separation from the nail bed.
- Spondylitis: Spondylitis is inflammation of the spine, which can cause stiffness and pain in the neck and lower back. It can also affect the sacroiliac joints, where the spine connects with the pelvis.
- Arthritis Mutilans: Arthritis mutilans is a severe, destructive form of PsA that can cause deformity and loss of function in the joints, particularly in the hands and feet. It’s relatively rare but can cause significant disability if not treated promptly.
It’s important to note that some individuals may experience a combination of these types, and the presentation of PsA can vary widely from person to person. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in managing the symptoms and preventing joint damage.