A sun allergy, also known as photosensitivity or sun sensitivity, refers to a condition in which the skin reacts abnormally to sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) rays. It can manifest in various ways, ranging from mild to severe reactions. Some common types of sun allergies include:
- Polymorphic Light Eruption (PMLE): This is the most common type of sun allergy, characterized by an itchy rash that appears on sun-exposed skin.
- Solar Urticaria: This condition causes hives or welts to develop on the skin after exposure to sunlight.
- Photoallergic Eruption: In this type of sun allergy, certain chemicals or medications on the skin react with sunlight, leading to an allergic reaction.
- Actinic Prurigo: This is a hereditary form of sun allergy that causes itchy, red bumps or patches on the skin after sun exposure.
- Phototoxic Reaction: Certain medications or chemicals can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, causing a reaction known as phototoxicity. This can result in redness, swelling, and blistering of the skin.
People with sun allergies may experience symptoms such as redness, itching, rash, hives, or even blistering after exposure to sunlight. These reactions can occur within minutes to hours after exposure and may persist for several days.
Preventive measures for sun allergies include avoiding excessive sun exposure, using broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and staying in the shade during peak sunlight hours. In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe medication or recommend desensitization therapy to reduce sensitivity to sunlight.